Esterification derivatives of polyacylated amides and method of making same



, eral procedures.

Patented Sept. 4, 1945 ESTERIFICATION ACYLATED AMIDES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME Melvin De Groote, University City, andBernhard Keiser, Webster Groves, Mo., assignors to Petrolite Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, Del., a

corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original application June 15, 1942, Serial No.,447,167. Divided and this application August 2, 1943, Serial No. 497,134

10 Claims.

This invention relates to a new chemical prodnot or composition of matter, our present application being a division of our co-pending application Serial No. 447,167, filed June 15, 1942, which subsequently matured as U. S. Patent No. 2,353,710, dated July 18, 1944.

The main object of our invention is to provide a new chemical product or compound that is particularly adapted for use as a demulsifier in the resolution of crude oil emulsions.

Another object of our invention is to provide a practicable. method for manufacturing said new chemical product or compound.

Although one of the primary objects of our invention is to provide a new compound or composition of matter that is an efficient demulsifier for crudeoil emulsions of the water-in-dil type,

the said compound or composition of matter is adapted for use in other arts, as hereinafter indicatedr We have discovered that if one oxyallrylates glycerol so as to introduce at least three oxyalkylene radicals foi each hydroxyl group, and if the product so obtained is reactedwi-th a polybasic carboxy acid-having not over eight carbon atoms, and in such a manner as to yield a fractional ester, due to the presence of at least one free vcarbonylradical, one can then esterify aid acidic material or intermediate product with at least one mole of an alcoholic compound of the type herein described to give a variety of new compositions of matter which have utility in various arts, andparticularly in the demulsification of crude oil.

The compounds herein contemplated may be 1 produced in any suitable manner, but are usually manufactured by tollowing one Of two gen- In one of said procedures the oxyalkylated glycerol, which is, in essence, a polyhydric alcohol, is reacted with a polybasic acid so as to give an acidic material, or intermediate product, which, in turn, is reacted with an alcoholic body of the kind hereinafter described, and momentarily indicated by the formula R1(OH) m. Generically, the alcoholic body herein contemplated may be considered, amember of the class in which 122 mayvary from 1 to 10', al-' though the specific significance of m. ,in the present instance will be hereinafter indicated. The second procedure is to react an alcohol of the formula type RI(OH)m with a polybasic acid so as to produce an intermediate-product; and then react said intermediate product or 'fractional ester with the selected oxyalkylated glycerol.

Glycerol may be conveniently indicated by the following formula: I

/OH C3H5-0H If a polybasic car-boxy acid be indicated by the formula:

then the acyclic reaction product of one mole of oxyethylated glycerol and one mole of a polybasic carboxy acid may be indicated by the following formula: v

in which n" has the value of one or two. Similarly, if two moles of thepolybasic acid-be used, then the compound may be indicated by the following formula:

(CzHrOLuOOCRUJOOHLw CzHsOa-(CzHrOlv-OO C R(C OCH) 5" '(CiHiOh H Likewise, if three moles of a polybasic acid are employed, the compound may be indicated by the following formula:

(Gnnowo 0 o R(C o 011)."

(OzH4O'),.'O 0 once 0011),."

If a fractional ester of the kind exemplified by the three preceding formulas is reacted with one or more moles of an alcohol of the kind previous-- ly described in. a genericsense as R1608) m, then obviously, one may obtain a material of the type indicated by the following formula:

in which a: is 0, i or 2, y is o, 1 m2, and 2 s1, 2 or 3, and :c' is or 1, and y is 1 or 2.

It has been previously stated that'compounds of the type herein contemplated may be obtained by oxyalkylating agents, without being limited to ethylene oxide. Suitable oxyalkylating agents include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and glycid, which, althoughnot included,

strictly speaking, by the unitary structure C'nHZnO, is included within the meaning of the (cnnn'ojn o o o R in which n replaces the numbers 2, '3' or 4, Z is an acidic hydrogen atom equivalent and includes the acidic hydrogen atom itself. In the above formula, and hereafter for convenience, R1 is intended to include-any hydroxyl groups that remain.

If the compounds herein contemplated are obtained under usual conditions, at the lowest temperatures, then the monomeric form is most likely to result.

The production of the compounds herein contemplated is the result of one or more esterification steps. As is well known, esterification procedures can be carriedout in various manners, but generally speaking, esterifications can be carried out at the lowest feasible temperatures by using one or several procedures. One procedure is to pass aninert dried gas throughthe mass to 'be esterified, and have present at the same time a small amount of a catalyst, such as dried HCl gas, a dried sulfonic acid, or the like. Another and'better procedure, inmany instances, is to employ thevaporsofa suitable liquid, so as to remove any water formed and condense both the vapors of the liquid employed and the water in such a manner as to'trap out the water and return the liquid to the reacting vessel. This procedure is commonly employed in-the arts, and for convenience, reference is made to U. S. Patent No. 2,264,759, dated December 2, 1941, to Paul c. Jones. 1

Referring again to the last two formulas indicating the compounds under consideration, it can bereadily understood that such compounds, in numerous instances, have the property of polyfunctionality... In viewof this fact, where'there isat least'one residual carboxyl and at least ne residual hydroxyl, ne would expect that under suitable conditions, instead of obtaining the monomeric compounds indicated, one would, in reality, obtain a polymer in. the sense, for example, that polyethylene glycols represent a polymer of ethylene glycol. The term po1ymer is frequently used to indicate the polymerized product derived from a monomer in which the polymer has the same identical composition as the monomer.' In the present instance, however, polymerization involves the splitting and loss of water so that the process is essentially self-esterification. Thus, strictly speaking, the polymeric compounds are not absolutely isomers of the monomeric compounds, but since, for all practical purposes, they can be so indicated, and since such practice is common in the arts concerned with materials of this type, it is so adopted here. Thus, reference in the appended claims to polymers is intended to include the self-esterification products of the monomeric compounds.

In view of what has been said, and in view of the recognized hydrophile'properties of the recurring ioxyalkylene linkages, particularly the oxyethylene linkage, it is apparent that the ma:- terials herein contemplated may vary. from com-' pounds which are clearly water-soluble through self-emulsifying 'oils, to materials which are balsam-like and sub-resinous or semi-resinous in nature. The compounds may vary from monomers to polymers, in which the unitary structure appears a number of times, for instance, 10 or 12 times. It is to be noted that true resins, i. e., truly insoluble materialsof a hard plastic nature, are not herein included. In other words, the polymerized compounds are soluble to a fairly definite extent, for instance, at'least 5% insom e solvents, such as water, alcohoLbenzene, dichloroethyl ether, acetone, cresylic acid, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, dioxane, or the like. This is simply another way of stating that the polymerized product contemplated must 'be of the sub-resinous type, which is commonlyreferred to as an'A resin, or a B resin, as distinguished from a C resin, which is a highly infusible, insoluble resin (see Ellis, Chemistry of Synthetic Resins (1935"), pages862, et seq).

Reviewing the form as presented, it is obvious that one may obtain compounds within the scope disclosed, which contain neither a free hydroxyl nor afree carboxyl group, and one may also obtaina compound of the typein which there is present at least one free carboxyl, or at least one free hydroxyl, or both. The word polar has sometimes been used in the arts in this particular sense to indicate the presence of at least one free hydroxyl group, or at least onefree carboxyl group, or both. In the case of the free carboxyl group, the carboxylic hydrogen atom may, of course, be replaced by any ionizable hydrogen atom equivalent, such, for example, as a metal, an ammonium radical, a substituted ammonium radical, etc. In the hereto appended claims the word polar is used in thisspecific sense.

We are aware that compounds similar to those contemplated in the present instance may be derived. from polyhydroxylated compounds having more than three hydroxyl groups. For instance, they may be derived from acyclic diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol, mixed polyglycerols, mannitol sorbitol, various hexitols, dulcitol, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, mannitan, dipentaerythritol, monoether, and other similar compounds. Such particular types in which higher hydroxylated materials are. subjected. tooxyalkylation and then employed in the same man-neras oxyalkylated glyceroh is employed in. the; present 1' instance-, are not contemplatedin this specific case, although attention is directed to the same. i

Reference is also made 'to other oxyalkylated compounds which may be used asreactants to replace oxyalkylated glycerol... or: oxyallcylated ethylene glycol, which-latter reactant is described in. an. application hereinafter I referred to, to wit, Serial No. 410,086,- filed September8, 1941, which subsequently 'maturedu-as S. Patentv No. 2,333,769, datedDecember 9, i943. Thecreaetants thus contemplated include the type lip-which there-isan amino oram-ido nitrogen atom. Par- 1 rected to asomewhatsimilar; class-of materials which are described in our application Serial No. 410,086, filed, Sept- 8, 1941,:whichsubsequent1y maturedas U. S. Patent No. 2,333,769.- Said. application involvcs'the'useofthe same. type of alcoholic bodies'forreactants, but is limited, among otherthings, to the compounds which are essentially symmetrical in nature, for instance, 1 involving'the introduction of two alcoholicresi-dues, whereas, in the present instance, oneytwo or three, ormore mightbeintroduc'ed. 1 i As indicated previously, the polybasic acids employed are limited'to thetype having'not more than 8 carbon atoms, for examplefoxalic, maloni'c, succinic, glutaric, adipic, m aleic, and phthalic. Similarly, one may employ acids such asfumaric,

gluta'conic, and various others, such as citric,

malic, tartaric, and the like. The selection of the particular "tribasic or dibasic acid employed, is usually concerned largely with the convenience of manufacture of thefinish'ed ester, andalso the price of the reactants. Generally speaking. phthalic acid or-anhydri'de tendsto produce'resinous materials, and greater care must be employed if the ultimate or final product be of a subresinous type. Specifically, the preferred type of polybasic acid is such as to contain six carbon atomsor less. Generally speaking, the higherthe temperature employed, the easier it is toobtain large yields of. esterified products, although polymerization may be stimulated. Oxalic acid may comparatively cheap, but it decomposes read? v ily at slightly. above the boiling. point of water. For-,this reason,.it vis more desirable to use an acidwhich is more resistant to pyrolysis. Similarly, when a polybasic .acid is available in the form of an anhydride, such anhydride is apt to produce the ester with greaterease than the acid itself. For this reason, maleic anhydri-de is particularly adaptable, and also, everything else considered, the costis comparatively lowon a per molar basis, 'eventhough somewhat higher on a v per pound basis. Succinic acid or the anhydride has many attractive qualities of maleic anhydride, and'this is also true of adipic acid, For purposes or brevity, the bulk of the examples, hereinafter 1llustrated,-will refer to theuse of maleic anhy- 3 dride, although it isunderstood that any other suitable polybasic acid ,may. .-be employed. Fur-' thermore, reference is made to derivatives obn d y 'oxyethylation; although, as. previously P inted out, other oxyalk-ylating. agents vmay employed. 1

As far as the range of y yla ed lglyc rois employed as reactants is concerned, it is our preference to employ those in which approximately 15 to 24 oxyethylane groupsliave been introduced into a single glycerol molecule. This means that approximately five to eight oxyethylene radicals have been introduced forv each original-hydroxyl group... n The oxyalkylation of g1ycerol-isa well known procedure (see Example 11 of German Patent No. 605,973, dated November22, 1934, to I. G.Farbenindustrie A. G.). The procedure indicated in the following three examples-is substantially identical with that outlined man Patent.

OXYETHYLATED GLYCEROL I I Examplel i pounds of glycerol are mixed with by weight, 'ofcaustic soda solution having'afs'pec'ific gravity of 1.383. The caustics'oda actsas a catalyst. The ethylene oxide is added in relatively small amounts, for instance, about 44 pounds at a time. The temperature employed is from 150- 180 C. Generally speaking, the gauge pres- 1 sure during the operation approximates 200 poundsat the maximum, and when" reaction is complete, dropsto zero, due to complete absorp tionof the ethylene oxide. When all the ethylene oxide has been absorbed and the reactants cooled, a second small' portion, for instance,"44 more pounds'of' ethylene oxide, are added and the procedure repeated 'untilthe desired ratio or 1 5 pound moles of ethylene oxide to one pound'inole of glycerol is obtained. This represents 660 pounds of ethylene oxide for 92 pounds'o'fglycm1.

' OxYETnYLarEnGLycExoI; Example 2 v The 'ratidof ethylene oxide'ls increased to 21 pound moles'for each pound mole of glycerol. Otherwise, the same procedure is followed as in Example 1, preceding, oxyarnrtsm GLYoERoL Examilleb 1 The same procedure is followed .as .inzthe two previous examples; except that the ratio of ethyl Onepound mole of 'oxyethylatedglycerol (l to 15 ratio) prepared in the manner previouslydescribed. is treated with one pound mole ofmaleic anhydride and heated at approximately 110 (J.

.for approximately 30-minutes Y to. 2' hours, with constant stirring, sonas to yielda monomalea-te.

O'xYErHYL 'TEn GLYCEROL MALEATE I,

' Example 2' The same procedure is followed as in the pre ceding example, except that two moles of maleic vanhydride are employed so as to obtainthe dimaleate instead of the monomaleataf j. I

in said aforementioned Ger- OxYE'rHYLArEn' GLYos'Ro'L MALEATE' Example The same procedure is employed asiri the p-ree ceding examples, except that oxyethylated glycerol (ratio 1 to 2' is employed instead of oxyethylated glycerol (ratio 1 -to-) or (1 to 18). Previous reference has been made to an alcoholic body which has been defined generically by the formula R1(OH)m. The sub-generic class of alcoholic compounds employed as reactants in the manufacture of the present compounds, arebasic hydroxylated polyacylated polyamino amidescontaining: (a) Two acyl radicals derived from a nonhydroxy monocarboxy acid, preferably nonghy dro-xy in nature, having not more than 5; carbon atoms and linked to the two terminal :nitrogen atoms; 1 y fl ..(b) An acyl ardic'al derived from a detergentforming monocarboxy acid-havingat least 8. and not more than 32 carbon atoms; and

(c) alcoholiform hydroxyl radical. .The preferred form of alcoholicbody is characterized by not only the'three above enumerated characteristics, but also the additional characteristic of having present abasic amino hydrogen group, i. e., anamino hydrogen radical free from directly linked acyl radicals or 21171 radicals. Furthermore, this preferred type of alcoholic body, as well as the modification having no hydroxyl groups, is effective as a demulsifier per se under the same conditions, and when used in the same manner as the demulsifier herein. contemplated. As far as we are aware, such type of is a new composition of matter per se.

Attention is directed to our two copending applications for patent Serial Nos. 401,378 and 401,381, both filed July '7, 1941', which subsequently matured as U. S. Patents Nos. 2,324,490 and 2,324,493, respectively, both dated July 20, 1943.

As examples of reactants employed in the manufacture of alcoholic bodies herein contemplated, particularly as intermediates, there are included among" others, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentami ne, and comparable derivatives derived from propylene dichloride, butyl dichloride, amylene dichloride, and the like. Indeed, instead of using propylenedichloride as a reactant for producing a satisfactory poly-' amine for use as a raw material, one can employ the comparable amine derived from glycerol dichlorhydrin, i. e., betahydroxy propylene dichloride.

'The detergent-forming acids include those acids which combine with alkalies to produce soap or soap-like bodies. The detergent-forming acids,

what different source and different in structure,

in turn, include"naturally-occurring fatty acids, resin acids,-such as abietic acid, naturally 'occui' ring petroleum acids, such as naphthenic acids, 'carboxy acids produced by theoxidation of petroleum, etc.

As to oxidized petroleum acids, see U. S; Patent No. 2,242,837, dated May 20,'1941, to ShieldS.

As is well known, there are other acids having similar characteristics and derived from a somebut which can be included within the broad-'jge neric term previously indicated. f Such acids have at least 8 carbon atoms and not more than 32 carbon atoms. and the most desirable 'formis exemplified bythe fatty acids, particularlythe unsaturated fatty acids. more especially ric'inoleic acid.

The low molal acids having 5 carbon iatpmscr less, are exemplified by acetic acid, formiciacid, propionic-acid, butyric acid, 'furoic acid, lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, etc; however, the nonmaterial, subsequently described in greater detail,

been suggested.

hydroxylated type are most desirable i'. e., the type other than lactic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, etc. A number ofsuitabl'e amines have already Reference is made to U. S. PatentNo. 2,243,329, dated May- 27, 1941, to De Groote and Blair. This patent lists a large number of polyamines cone taining three or more basic amino groups.-* It also includes description of procedure generally employedfor acylation by means of a highmolal or low molal acid. It is understood, of course, that one need not employ the. acid itself, but the acid radical may be introducedby employingan ester, anhydride, amide, acyl chloride, or any other'suitable form.

The following examples will serve'to'illustrate the manufacture. of such acylated polyamino compounds. It is to be noted that inmany instances it is most convenient to first introduce an acyl radical of alow molal carboxyacid of the kind describeoLand then introduce the: acyl radical from a high molal carboxy acid ofthe kind. described. The introduction of ,the 'high molal acyl radical may be in an amido form or in an ester form'- In some instances, this may require the treatment of the first acylation product with ethylene oxide or the 'like.,-Al1- of this isobvious to the skilled chemist, in view ofwhat has been saidi but the following examples-will illustrate the matter even further:.. v

INTERMEDIATE ACYLA'lZlOlb Paopuo'r 1 Example! One pound mole of diethylene triami'ne i's treated with 2 pound moles of methyl acetate-so as to give a diacetylated. product of the typ characterized by the fact that the two acetyl radicals are attached to the termina nitrogen atoms, the reason being that the primary amino radical acylates morereadily than thesecondary amino radical, Thereaction may be illustrated inthefollowingmanner:

i --:H H HP-J CHaCOOCHa HiNCzHiNCaH'lNEH +"CHaOlOCCHa.

scribed under Example 1, preceding, .is' treated with onepound mole of ethylene oxide, so as'to give the 'hydroxyetfiyl derivative; The i reaction may be illustrated in the: following manner:

' I, INTERMEDHTE; ACYLATION Pxonucr i Example 3 'I'hesame procedure is followed as in Example 2;exc'ept'that 2' pound moles of ethylene oxide are used; thus introducing-a hydroxylated radical containingan e'therllnkage. In-other words, the

secondary amino hydrogen atom is replaced by the group C2H4OCHiOI-L Y I InrE'Rmnbmrs'AcYLAmon Plionuc'r.

Exampleu f'lriethylene tetramhie is" substituted for. diethylenetriamine in the Intermediateacyla'tion' product,, Examples 1, 2: and 3'; preceding; It isto be noted in this'instance, however, that the use of two. moles of ethylene oxide produces two hydroxyethyl groups in the oxyethyl'ated product; and in order" tddntroduce the group,

C2H4OC2H4OH,1 onemust employatleast 3 moles ethylene; oxidemust be employed.

. EMIIII'TERMEDIATE ACYATIO1I Paonucr i Example; 6, 1 l

comparable to Examples. 1-5}, prieced ine'.. are obtained. from polyamines which, in

turn,- instead of.,being derivatives.ofethylenedi chloride, are derivatives. of propylene dichlor 1de.j

Inraanranmrn ACYLA'TVION-PR'ODIUCT' 1 7' Example. :7

dlfl'n. .(betahydroxym'opylene. dichloride') Polyamines, derived from, 1 glycerol dichlorhy v are substituted. for the. amines employedin the preceding example, i. e., amines derived from propylene dichloride;

, Comer'arnnrfhcmran Paonuc'rs xample 1 g one: pound, mole: of the products" of: the -lc-ind.

described in IntermBdiateacylat-ion products, Ex-

amples 1-7, inclusive, are treated with one pound mole of oleic' acld,.so as to produceapolyam1no amide of the, kind previously, described.

, COMPLETELY AcYLArEn Pnopucrs ,lrru mzez V Riclnolic acid'i's substituted r01 oleic acid in the previous example.

CommiarisrrAcYrnrd Pxonucrs l rempze rff Naphthenlc is, substituted ior oleic ac id inthezpreviousexamplem l Compile-rat's!'Acimrrp Paonucrs- Abtetio acidis previous"examples. w M

I oe pmmxcym is me s Bumble 5 Qxidized petroleum acids of the kind described in" aforementioned Shields Patent No 2 ,242,837} having approximately 12 -16 carbon atoms and being ofthe branch-chain typfi Bis substituted for 'oleic acid in the "previous example: p

, Cor/gummy AcYLArrnBaonucTsJ E'rtample-di In some instances, where; derived from. tetra? mineor penta-amino; compounds; it is ,possible;

to. introduce-morelthan one high'molal acyl group.

For instance, one might introducetworicinoleyl,

radicals, or one ricinoleyl radicaland one oleyl radical. a

It has been previously pointediz-out that the :alcoholic, bodies herein contemplated for; reac-.

tion; with. nonaethylene -.glyco1 .dihydrogen dimaleate or th'exequivalen't dibasiciractionalester, represent,-, impart, a sub-genus of a broader class,

and thatthis: broader; classification :peryserep-v resentszvaluable demulslfying agentsiwithout tunther reaction.

The, alcoholic bodiesl herein-employed!astroactants need not havegai basic, amino nitrogen atom, andobviously, do not have, "when sderived from wreactantsuchas.diethylenetriamine in oer--v tairr instances, For example, if .one pound mole of diethylenetriamine' is "reacted with; 2: pound-- moles of acetic acid;orxitslequivalent oneobtains the diacetylated product. If such product is then acylated, for example, with ricinoleic acid, the resultant productds hydroxylated; but is not basic in character, insofar that there is not present an amino nitrogen atom free from linkage with an aryl radical or acyLradical. It'i's well known that linkage of an amino nitrogen atom with an acyl radical, Or with an arylradical enormously reduces or substantially eliminates basicity.-

If, however, such diacetylated diethylenetri amine is treated with one mole of ethylene oxide and if such product is then treated with ricinoleic acid, the acyl radical, or more specifically, the ricinoleyl radical, enters as part of an ester linkage and not an: amido zlinkages Such product exemplifies a type whichis,an alcoholic body, and

is also basic in character, re, a valuable demulsifier as is, without further. reaction. Furthermore, if the same oxyethylated product is treated with oleic acid, the resultant compound is also a valuable demulsifier, but is of no value for manu- I facturing the final composition of matter herein contemplated for the rea'son lthat there is no residual hydroxyl radical to: permit combination with nonaethylene glycol dihydrogen dimaleate, or the like.

From a practical standpoint, the manufacture of the reagents which are valuable demulsifying agents, although not alcoholic bodies, has already been suggested. This is obvious by referring back to Intermediate acylation p oductsg=Examples 4 and *5, whereln there -are directions for "treating substituted tor oleic acid in' the:

there still remain 2 or 3'b'asic' amino nitrogen atoms, one can acylate with a high molal acid, such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, or the like, in

' fact, might introduce two" such acids in the instance where the derivative. "is obtained from .tetraethylenepentamine. droxylated acid, such as ricinoleic acid, then the intermediate would'serve as an alcoholic body;

but if derived from oleic acid, 'abietic acid, naphthenic acid,v or the like, this would not be true. However, such product would serve as a demulsifier without further reaction with nonaethylene glycol, .or the like. Similarly, regardless of whether the. inolal acyl group introduced contained a hydroxyl radical or not, i. e., even in such instances where the product is derived from oleic acid, naphthenicacid, or the like, the reaction product can be treated further with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide,-or the like, so as to 'If derived from a lhy-.

aasaosr.

b xyac dstw c maven ma not be hyd o y ated, i.-. e.;l*may represent oleic; acidior ricinoleic acid.

In each instance the arrow points to the basic amino group.

-.C.omparable products maybe; derived from tetraethylenepentamine in whichthe same basic,

type of radical appears, or a combination of basic types. It is to be noted that the efiicient method of producing the. compounds hereincontemplated is by first treating the selectedpr'imary raw material with acetic acid or th'el-ike, so as to introduce the terminal acet'yl ,radicals, the ,reason being that such reactions are-readilycontrollable-1 so as to enter-the terminal position, since theterminalamino groupings are 'primary amino groups and acylate more rapidly and mor completely,

3, than the internal aminogroups w ich 316.;5605;

radical, and thus permit subsequent reaction'w'ith .nonaethylene glycol dihydrogen dimaleate, if =-de-'" sired. However, this type of material, i. e.,-where there is present 2 terminal acyl radicals derived from a lowmolalcarboxy acid, and where there is presentat least 2 basic amino nitrogen atoms,

and at least one high molal acyl radical,-one has an effective demulsifier. If hydroxylated, itmay serve as an alcoholic body'for reactionwith nonaethylene glycol dihydrogen dimaleate; and

alcoholic bodies of 'a' similar type containing no basic amino group, will also serve as-reactants for combination with nonaethylene glycol dihydrogen dimaleate or the like.

.Aslspecific'examples of the types of compounds 4'0 in-oil emulsions, without reaction with oxywhich may beemployed as demulsifiers for water ethylated' glycerol dihydrogen dimaleate, 'atten l tion is directed to the following:

structuralifor'lnula B f I ondary amino radicals. In compounds of the kind just described," it is to be emphasized once more that all theserepresent valuable demulsifiers as is, andas far as we are aware, newcompositions ofmatter per se'. 'Where' -hydroxylated,,, whether. it be. due to the presence of a hy-, dro'xyethyl group a ricinoleyl group, or the like, such compounds may serve for reactionas an alcoi, holic body with 'nonaethylene glycol 'dihydro'g en' i dimaleate Or the like tolgive thpther composi tion of matt,er herein contemplated. Eart en, I

more, we are aware that valuable fderivativescan be obtained by reaction with other polybasic'ma terials, such as phthalic anhydride,"and particularly for use as demulsifie rs r01 water-in-oil emulsions of the kind herein referred to.

/ COMPLETED MONOMERIC DERIvArIvE a ExampZeI One pound mole of a product of the kind de' scribed under the heading .Oxyethylated' glycerol maleate, Examplel is reacted withv one pound mole of Completely acyl'atedproduct, Example 2, preferably in the'absence' of any high boiling hydrocarbon or inert solvent. However, if an inert vaporizing solvent is employed-,itis generally necessary to use one which'has 'a .higher boiling range than xylene, and sometimes removal of v such solvent mightpresentadifficulty. In other boxy. acids, and RCO, radical of high molal :car-

instances, however, such high boiling inert vaporizing solvent, if employed, might be permitted to remain in the reacted mass and appear as a constituent or ingredient of the final product. In any event, our preference is to' conduct the reac; tion in the absence of any such solvent and Per mit thereaction to proceed with the elimination of water. The temperature of reaction is about to 200 C. and time of reaction about 20 hours.

Co wrLErEn MoivoMERIc Dnsrvs'riv' '7 Example 2 The same procedure is followed as in Completed is used'instead of the-'monomaleate.'

' COMPLETED MoNoMERmDERIvA'rrva I I. H

' ExaniplG Q The same procedure is rbubwd as in the two preceding examplesexcept that the trimaleate is substituted for the monomaleate or dimaleate in the two preceding examples.

Coxrurzn Monomeric Draws-rive Example 1 I The same procedureis followed as in Examples 2 and 3, immediately preceding, except that for each pound mole of the maleate, or each pound mole of the trimaleate, instead of using one pound mole of-an'alcohoI-ic reactantof the kind employed in Examples 1' to- 3, preceding, as a reactantyone employs two pound moles:

comma Monet/lame DERIVATIVE Example 5" The same procedure is followed as in Example 3, preceding, except that for each pound mole of trimaleate, instead of adding one-pound moleof an alcoholic reactant ofthe kind employed in Examples 1' to 3, preceding, one addsthree pound moIes-of'an alcoholic reactant ofthe kind employedin Examples 1 to 3preceding for reaction.

COMPLETED Monoiuanrc DERIVATIVE Example. 6 t

The same procedure lsiollowed as in Example 6, immediately preceding, except that the oxyethylated glycerol employed representsv one having an even higher degree of oxyethylation. For example, one indicated by the ratio of 1 to 21. (See. Oxyethylated glycerol maleate, Example 5, preceding.)

comrmn Monomnurc DERIVATIVE Example 8- The same procedure is fol-lowed as in Examples 1.-to.- 7', preceding, except that the alcohol reactant employed for reaction with the oxyethylated glyc erolmaleate is of the kind described underthe heading Completely acylated product, Example 1- V y 'CoMrLzrsn Monoivmirc DERIVATIVE Example 9 V The same procedure is followed asin' Examples 1 to 7, preceding, except thatthe' alcoholic reactant" employed for; reaction with the oxyethyla-ted glycerol maleate is of the kind described under the heading Completely acyla'ted product, Exampl e 5."

Y Comrmrsn MONOMERIC. Dasrvsrrva Example 10 5 The same procedure is. followed as in Examples 1 to 7, preceding, except that the alccholicreactant: employed. for reaction with the oxyethylated glycerol maleate is of the kind described under the heading Completely acylated product, Example 6.

The method of producing; such'fractional esters isaw'elli known. The, general procedure is. to em: ploy "a. temperature .aboveithe boiling point oi waterand below. the. ipyrolyticipoint 0t there'octants... The products; are mixed; and stirred con: stantlyduring the; heating, and esterification'stfim If.- desired', an inert-gas,.,such, asdried nitrogen, dried carbon, dioxide, may bepassed throuenthe mixture. Sometimesit is desirable to addianress teriflcation catalystsuch as. sulfuric acid, ben z,ene sulfonic acid or the like. w This-isthe sam 8.8 s era-1, procedure, asemployed in the manuiactureof ethylene glycol dihydrogen diphthalate.vv (Sea -LS, Patent No. 2,075,107 ,dated March 30, 1 93 Frasien) U q 1 Sometimes esterficationis conducted .most readily inthe: presence of an inert solvent thafi carries awaythewater of esteriflcation whichmay be; formed, although asis readily appreciated, such water of esteri-fication is absent when suchtype of; reaction involves an, acid anhydride, suchas maleic anhydride, and-a glycol. However, if water is-formed, for instance, when citric acid employed, then a solvent such as xylene may be present and employed tov carry oil the water formed. The mixture of xylene vapors andwater vapors can be condensed so that the water is sen arated. Thexylene is then returned to the-{re action vessel for further circulation. This 18.? conventional and well known procedure and .requires no further elaboration.

In the previous monomeric examples there a definite tendency, in spite of precautions, at, least in'a number of instances, to obtain'polymeric' materials and certain cogeneric by-productsl, This is typical, of course, of organic reactions 'oi this kind, and as in well known, organic reactions. per so are characterized by the .fact that yields arethe exception, rather than the rule, and that significant yields are satisfactory, especially in, those instances where the by-products orlcogeners maysatisiactorily serve .with the same purpose asflthe principalor intentional product; This is true in the present instance. In many "cases when the compound is manufactured for purposes of demulsification, one is better off to obtain a polymer in the sense previously described, part;; c' ularly a polymer Whose molecular weight isja rather small multiple of the molecular'weight oi the monomer; for instance, a polymer whose mo lecular weight is'two, three, four, five, ors ix'tirnes' thev molecular Weight of the monomer. Pfolyl'nerization' is hastened by' the presence :of an alkali, and thus,- in instanceswhere it is necessary to have a maximum yield of the monomer, it'maybe necessary to take such precautions that the al kali used in promoting oxyethylation of glycerol, be removed before subsequent reaction. This, of course", can be done inany simple manner-by conversion to sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, or any suitable procedure.

In the preceding examples of the"Comp'-leted monomeric derivative, Examples 1 to 10, inclusive, no reference is made to the elimination of such alkaline catalyst, in view of the effectiveness of the low multiple polymers as demulsifiers. Previous reference has been made to the fact that the carboxylic hydrogen atom'might be variously replaced by substituents, including organic radicals, for instance, the radicals obtained, from alcohols, hydroxylated amines, non-h-ydroxylated amine polyhydric alcohols, etc. Obviously, the rever eis also true, in. that a free hyd-roxyl group may be esterifled with a selected acid, varyingtfrom such materials as ricinoleic acid to oleic acid, incl-11d..- ing alcohol acids, such as hydroxyacetic acid, lac; tic, acid,,recinoleic acid and alsopolybasic acids of the kind herein contemplated.

a With the above facts inmind, it becomes ob-J vious that what has been previously said as :to

3 polymerization, with the suggestion that :bye products'or cogeneric materials were -iormed, maybe recapitulated with greater definiteness,.=and one can readily appreciate that the formation of the products herein contemplatedmay be char- 3 acterized bybeing monomers of the type previously described, or esterification polymers, or the heat-rearranged derivatives of the same, and thus heat-rearranged derivatives or compoundsmust take place to a greater or lesser degree. Thus,

including the heat-rearranged derivatives of both i the polymers and esterification monomers, separately and jointly. Although the class of mate- 1 rials specifically contemplated in this instance is acomparatively small and narrow'class of a broad genus, yet it is obviously impossible to present any adequate'formula which would contemplate the present series in their complete ramification, except in a manner employedin the hereto appended-claims.

Although the products, herein contemplated vary 'so' broadly in their characteristics, i. e;,- monomers through sub-resinous polymers,'sol-- uble products, water-emulsifiable oils 'or compounds, hydrotropic materials, balsams, subresinous materials, semi-resinous materials, and I the like, yet there is always present the characteristic unitary hydrophile structure related back to the oxyalkylation, particularly the oxy ethylation of the glycerol used as the raw material. When our new product is used as a demulsifier,. in the resolution of oil field emulsions, the demulsifiermay be added to the emulsion at the ratio of 1 part in 10,000, 1 part'in 20,000,

1 part in 30,000, or for that matter, 1 part in 40,000. In such ratios it well may be that one cannot differentiate between the solubility of a compound completely soluble in water in any ratio, and a semi-resinous product apparently in-' soluble in water in ratios by which ordinary insoluble materials are characterized. However, at such ratios the importance must residein inter facial'position andthe ability to usurp, preempt, or replace the interfacial position previously occupied perhaps by the emulsifying colloid. In any event, reviewed in this light, the obvious common property running through the entire series,

notwithstanding variation in molecular size and physical make-up is absolutely apparent. Such statement is an obvious oversimplification of the rationale underlying demulsification, and does; not even considerthe resistance .of an interfacial' film to crumbling, displacement, being forced into solution, altered wetability', and the like. jAs, to amidification polymers, for instance, where Z' is a polyaminoamide radical, see what is said subs'e uently.

' COMPLETED POLYMERIC DERIVATIVES INCLUDING HEAT-REARRANGED COGENERS Example 1 A polyfunctional monomer of the kind 'described under the headings Completed monov meric derivative, Examples 1 to '7 is heated at a temperature of approximately 220-.2 i0 C., with constant stirring, for a period of two to 60 hours,

so as to eliminate sufficient water in order to insure that .the resultant producthas a molecular weight approximately twice that of the initial a 7a monomer.

COMPLETED POLYMERIC DERIVATIVES INcL'pnmo HEAr-REARaANo-nn Coo-mums I I Example 2 H a The same procedure isfollowed as the preceding example, except that polymerization is continued, using either a somewhat longer re-v actiontime, or it may be a somewhat higher ,tem:

perature, or both, so as to obtain a material hav ing a molecular weight, of approximately three to four times that of the initial product.

COMPLETED POLYMERIC DERIVATIVES INCLUDING HEAT-REARRANGED COGENERS Example 3 The same procedure is followed as in Exarnples land 2, preceding, except that one selects the.

polyfunctional monomer from the type exem plified by the materials described under the.

headings Completed-monomeric derivatives, E'x-;v amples 8 to 10, inclusive? CoMPtarm POLYMERIC, DERIVATIVES INcLunING HEAT-REARR'ANGED COGENERS Example 4 The same procedure is followed as in Examples 1 to 3, preceding, exceptthatone.polymerizes a mixture instead of a single monomer, "for intwo-step procedure. In other words, one need not convert the reactants into;the monomer, and then subsequently, convert the monomerinto the- The reactants may bei converted polymer; through the monomer to the polymer' in one step. Indeed, the formation of the monomer and polymerization may take place simultaneously. This is especially true if polymerization is conducted in the absence of a liquid such as xylene,

as previously described, and if one uses a com,- paratively higher temperature, for instance, ape proximately220" C. for polymerization. Thus,

one pound moleof an oxyethylated glycerol polymaleate of the kind des'cribe'd'is mixed with a polyfunctional alcoholic reactant of the kind de-' scribed under the heading Completely acylated' product,,Example 2. 'Suchmixture. is reacted at approximately 20hours at about 220 C. until the mass is homogeneous. It is stirred constantly during reaction. Bolyf unctionality may reside in dehydration: (etherization'l of two hydroxyl groups attached to dissimilar. molecules.

- -The fact that the: polymerizedfand heat-..

rearrangedproducts canbe made in a single step,

illustrates a phenomenon which sometimes occurs either in such instances where alcoholic bodies ofthe kind herein illustrated are contemplated as reactants,-. or where somewhat kindred alcoholic bodies are" employed. The reactants may be mixed. mechanicallytoxgive a homogeneous mixture, or if the reactants donot mix to:

give a homogeneous imixture, then ,earlyinthe:

reaction stagethere is formed, to a. greater. or

lesser degree, sufiicient monomeric materials so that a homogeneous systeni is present. Subsequently, as reactioncontinues, the system may become heterogeneousand exist in .two distinct phases, one being possibly an oily body of moderate viscosity, and the other being a heavier material, which is sticky or sub-resinous in nature. In many instances it willbe found that the thinner liquid material is a monomer and the more viscous or resinous materialis a polymer, as previously described. Such product can be used for demulsification by adding a solvent which will mutually dissolve the two materials, or else, by separating the two heterogeneous phases and employing each as if it were a separate product of reaction.

Materials of the kind herein contemplated may find uses as wetting, detergent, and leveling agents in the laundry, textile, and dyeing industry; as wetting agents and detergents in the acid washing of fruit, in the acid washing of building stone and brickj as'a wetting agent and spreader in the application of asphalt in road building and the like, as a constituent of soldering flux preparations; as a flotation reagent in the flotation separation of various minerals; for flocculation and coagulation of various aqueoussuspensions containing negatively charged particles such as sewage, coal washing waste water, and various trade wastes and the like; as"germ icides, insecticides, emulsifiers for cosmetics, spray oils, water-repellent textile finish, etc. These uses are by no means exhaustive.

However, the most important phase of the present invention, as far as industrial application goes, is concerned with the use of the materials previously described as demulsifiers for water-in-oil emulsions, and more specifically, emulsions of water or brine in crude petroleum.

We have found that the particular chemical compounds herein described may also be used for other purposes, for instance, as a break inducer in doctor treatment of the kind intended to sweeten gasoline. (See U. S. Patent No. 2,157,223, dated May 9, 1939, to Sutton.)

Chemical compounds of the kind herein described are also of value as surface tension depressants in the acidization of calcareous oilbearing strata by means of strong mineral acid, such as hydrochloric acid. Similarly, some members are eifective as surface tension depressants or wetting agents in the flooding of exhausted oil-bearing strata.

As to using compounds of the kind herein described as fiooding agents for recovering oil from subterranean strata, reference is made to the procedure described in detail in U. S. Patent No. 2,226,119, dated December 24, 1940, to De Groote and Keiser. ,As to using compounds of the kind herein described as demulsifiers', or in particular as surface tension depressant in combination with mineral acid or acidization of oil-bearing strata, reference is made to U. S. Patent No. 2,233,383, dated February 25, 1941, to De Groote and Keiser.

Cognizance must be taken of the fact that the surface of the reacting vessel may increase or decrease reaction rate and degree of polymerization, for instance, an iron reaction vessel speeds up reaction and polymerization, compared with a glass-lined vessel.

As has been previously indicated, the sub-genus employed as an alcohol in the present instance is one of a series of alcoholic compounds which are contemplated in our co-pending applications Serial Nos. 497,118, 497,119, 497,120', 497,121, 497,122, 497,123, 497,124, 497,125, 497,126, 497,127, 497,128, 497,129, 497,130, 497,131, 497,132, 497,133, and 497,135, all filed August 2, 1943.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as-new and'desire to-sec'ure by Letters'Batent is? a 1. The sub-resinous alcoholic hydroxyls containin diacylated ester-linked acylated derivatives'of a basic polyamine of the following formula: 1 i H 1 HQ RCO NCnH2n(C,.HznNR);N

RC'O R the fact that there must be present a member of the class consisting of 1' (a) ,A cyloxya1kylene radical in which. the acyl groupis RC0; and I b) J ointoccurrence of an amide radical in which the acyl group is RC0 and a hydroxyalkyl radical;

in all occurrences RC0 is a 'detergent-formingmonocarboxy acyl radical having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; the acyl group substituted for a reactive hydroxyl hydrogen atom of said acylated basic hydroxylated amine being the acyl radical of an acidic fractional ester of the formula:

in which 0CR1CO is the acyl radical of a polycarboxy acid having not over 8 carbon atoms; Z represents a metallic cation; R--0 is a member of the class consisting of ethylene oxide radicals, propylene oxide radicals, butylene oxide radicals and glycid radicals, and n represents a numeral varying from 3 to 10, and n" represents a numeral varying from 0 to 2, and n represents a numeral varying from 1 to 3, with the proviso that the sum of 'n+n'=3.

2. The ester defined in claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl radical of a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms.

3. The eter defined in claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl -radical of a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage.

4. The ester definedin claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl radical of a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage, and n is 2.

5. The ester defined in claim 1, wherein RCO is the acyl radical of a higher fatty-acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage, n is 2, and R0 is an ethylene oxide radical.

6. The ester defined in claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl radicalof a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage, n is 2, R0 is an ethylene oxide radical, and the polycarboxy acid is dicarboxy.

7. The ester defined in claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl radical of a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage, n is 2, R0 is an ethylene oxide radical, the polycarboxy acid is dicarboxy, and the polyamino radical is diethylenetriamine radical.

8. The ester defined in claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl radical of a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage, n is 2, RO is an ethylene oxide radical, the polycarboxy acid is dicarboxy, and the polyamino radical is a triethylenetetramine radical.

9. The ester defined in claim 1, wherein RC0 is the acyl radical of a higher fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms and at least one ethylene linkage,'n is 2, R0 is an ethylene oxide radical, the polycarboxy acid is dicarboxy, and the polyamino radical is a triethylenepentamine radical.

10'. The method of manufacturing esters described in claim 1, which consists in reacting a basic hydroxylated polyamine of the following formula:

NonmnwnHhNn om in which n represents a small whole number varying from 2 to 10; :1: represents a small whole number varying from 1 to 10; R'CO is an acyl radical of a lower molecular weight carboxy acid having less than 6 carbon atoms; R" is a member of the class consisting of hydrogen atoms, alkyl radicals, hydroxyalkyl radicals and acyloxyalkylene radi'cals, in which the acyl radical is RCO; the polyamine is further characterized by the fact that there must be present a member of the class con sisting of: s

(a) Acyloxyalkylene radical in which theacyl group is RC0; and

(b) Joint occurrence of an amino radical in which the acyl group is RC0 and a hydroxyalkyl radical;

in all occurrences RC0 is a detergent-forming monocarboxy acyl radical having at least 8 and not more than 32 carbon atoms; with an acidic fractional ester of the formula:

R-0 ooc1z,oooz

03mm V V r v [(RO)..'OOCR1C00H],. in which OCR1CO is the acyl radical of a polycarboxy acid having not over 8 carbon atoms; Z represents a metallic cation; RF-O is a member of the class consisting of ethylene oxide radicals, propylene oxide radicals, butylene oxide radicals and glycid radicals, and n represents a numeral varying from}; to 10, and n" represents a numeral varying from 0 to 2, and n' represents a numeral varying from 1 to 3, with the proviso that the sum of n+n":3.- I

MELVIN DE GROOTE.

BERNHARD KEISER. 

